Public Telephone Network
In the past, people
couldn't communicate with each other as far away as today using modern
communications, but man's attempts to invent easy communication between humans
continued, resulting in the invention of the phone, which has become one of the
most important and indispensable means of communication at present.
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| What is a public telephone network? |
One of the
earliest attempts to make a phone was that of Alexander Graham Bell in the
United States. These experiments, which took place in 1876, ended with the
arrival of a prototype machine used for voice communication. This was the
beginning of the phone's entry into people's lives, as well as the beginning of
the phone industry and the beginning of its development.
What are the basic functions of the phone?
The primary
function of the phone is the process of connecting users to the phone network
and converting the speaker's sound waves into electrical signals, These signals
travel through the wires to the other end of the conversation the part that
converts sound waves into electrical signals called microphones and are close
to the person's mouth, The party that reflects the process and converts
electrical signals into sound waves again is called the speaker and is close to
the listener's permission.
The evolution of the telephone network
The telephone
network went through stages of development where when it began its early stages
it was simple, as the phone line could only connect two phones. For example, if
two people wanted to communicate on the phone, they had to buy two telephone
devices that connected to a wire from the first user's location to the second
user's site, so they could talk directly to each other because no one could use
this phone except to talk to the same person with whom their phone is connected
only.
Everyone needed
to have several phones at their home or place of work so that they could talk
to different people.
The bottom line
is that every phone user to be able to talk to another phone user must connect
a direct wire between him and that person only and so on, and if they want to
phone someone else, they must buy another phone and connect it to the new
person's phone and so on, the process was complicated.
Appearance of the telephone exchange
The rudimentary
communication method that appeared and the phone could only connect two people this
method was very expensive and not feasible as each user had to have many phones
as well as a huge amount of wire that connected each person (Two phones) just a
little bit as the amount of those wires left a mess in cities in the first two
years that the phone started to be used. And so, a limit should have been
clarified and an appropriate solution found for the phone network to be
structured in a way that is more effective, convenient, and orderly, All phones
in any region are connected to a central office that converts calls between
phones as required by subscribers for a certain amount of subscription This
office is called Divider, Converter or Switching Office.
Appearance of automated telephone divider
Since then, the
divider has become an essential part of the telephone network. The dividend has
passed over the years, with a staff member initially receiving and directing
calls manually as required by the subscribers. But about ten years later, the
automated divider appeared and telephone networks self-directed calls by
subscriber numbers, their subscriber numbers have become numbers that
distinguish each country, every city, and perhaps every neighborhood.
Public telephone network
The public telephone network is one of the world's most popular and most important
wireless networks; Some parts of the grid are connected by wires that are
stretched underground or above the ground, and local dividers within the
neighborhood and cities are attached to the participants' houses by copper
wires. The local divider is linked to other dimensional divisions by high-speed
wires to accommodate more and faster calls and copper or fiber optic wires are
used for this purpose.
Over time,
since long-distance wiring may be expensive and difficult, wireless links using
satellites and microwave towers have been adopted, where calls are passed by
satellite or by such towers.
Internet via public telephone network
The evolution
of telephone network techniques has been occurring for decades and is
continuing. public telephone network has become one of the most indispensable
components of any city around the world, The public telephone network reaches
every house, company, factory, office, etc. And so thought began to take
advantage of the public telephone network that connects people by exploiting it
for purposes other than making voice calls but for such purposes as the
Internet, Exploiting the presence of a public telephone network in cities for
other purposes would make it impossible to create and extend other networks
again.
After about a
century of inventing and spreading the public telephone network, it can be used
to transmit Internet data via the telephone network. This paved the way
for a major development in Internet services as well as the fixed telephone
network during the subsequent years.
Because the
public telephone network was created to convert sound waves into electrical
signals and to transmit these electrical signals only, it is therefore not
equipped to handle other kinds of signals such as digital data from the
Internet hence the need to invent a device that converts digital Internet data
that fits the nature of the work of computers into electrical signals that fit
the nature of the operation of the telephone network.
The modem
converts data that is embedded in a router transmitted via the telephone
network into signals that the computer can distinguish. The Internet data is
transferred from a modem that is converted into signals and transmitted on the
telephone network to the place to be then received by another modem and
converted back into data, and thus the Internet data is transferred over the
telephone network as if it were a voice call.
Conclusion:
Since the invention of the telephone as well as the invention of the public
telephone network over a century and a third of the
century, the public telephone network has evolved spectacularly to become a
versatile and widespread network as opposed to its primitive, limited
capabilities and proliferation beginnings.
The development
of the public telephone network encompassed various aspects as it was initially
intended for voice calls and only two people per network and then became
connected much more. It then became self-guided and then evolved into wireless.
The public telephone network continues to experience developments and expanding
use in various aspects. This undoubtedly heralds a promising and better future
for this means of communication, which has become one of the necessities of
life.
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